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2023 2

2020 1

2017 1

2014 1

2012 2

2011 1

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一、二维数值仿真 1

中国 1

前陆盆地 1

勘探战略 1

含油气盆地 1

成藏主控因素 1

数字高程模型（DEM） 1

有限体积法 1

油气分布规律 1

油气田 1

油气资源 1

洪水演进 1

流域化 1

火山岩储集层 1

火山岩相 1

生态管控 1

秦巴山脉区域 1

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Stormwater runoff pollution loads from an urban catchment with rainy climate in China

Liqing LI, Baoqing SHAN, Chenqing YIN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 672-677 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0447-2

摘要： An older urban district in Wuhan, China, is transitioning from discharging sewage and stormwater directly into lakes, to directing the sewage to wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Dealing with polluted stormwater discharge is a great challenge. Stormwater runoff from an urban catchment with a combined sewer system was sampled and analyzed over a three-year period. Results indicate that wet weather flows account for 66%, 31%, 17%, and 13% of the total load of suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen, and total phosphorus, respectively. The first flush of COD and SS was significant in all runoff events. More than 50% of the SS and COD loads were transported by the first 30% of runoff volume. Storage and treatment of the first 10 mm from each combined sewer overflow event could reduce more than 70% of the annual COD overflow load. An integrated solution is recommended, consisting of a tank connected to the WWTP and a detention pond, to store and treat the combined sewer overflow (CSO). These results may be helpful in mitigating CSO pollution for many other urban areas in China and other developing countries.

关键词： combined sewer overflow pollution load first flush detention basins

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Stormwater treatment: examples of computational fluid dynamics modeling

Gaoxiang YING, John SANSALONE, Srikanth PATHAPATI, Giuseppina GAROFALO, Marco MAGLIONICO, Andrea BOLOGNESI, Alessandro ARTINA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第5期页码 638-648 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0442-7

摘要： Control of rainfall-runoff particulate matter (PM) and PM-bound chemical loads is challenging; in part due to the wide gradation of PM complex geometries of many unit operations and variable flow rates. Such challenges and the expense associated with resolving such challenges have led to the relatively common examination of a spectrum of unit operations and processes. This study applies the principles of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to predict the particle and pollutant clarification behavior of these systems subject to dilute multiphase flows, typical of rainfall-runoff, within computationally reasonable limits, to a scientifically acceptable degree of accuracy. The Navier-Stokes (NS) system of nonlinear partial differential equations for multi-phase hydrodynamics and separation of entrained particles are solved numerically over the unit operation control volume with the boundary and initial conditions defined and then solved numerically until the desired convergence criteria are met. Flow rates examined are scaled based on sizing of common unit operations such as hydrodynamic separators (HS), wet basins, or filters, and are examined from 1 to 100 percent of the system maximum hydraulic operating flow rate. A standard turbulence model is used to resolve flow, and a discrete phase model (DPM) is utilized to examine the particle clarification response. CFD results closely follow physical model results across the entire range of flow rates. Post-processing the CFD predictions provides an in-depth insight into the mechanistic behavior of unit operations by means of three dimensional (3-D) hydraulic profiles and particle trajectories. Results demonstrate the role of scour in the rapid degradation of unit operations that are not maintained. Comparisons are provided between measured and CFD modeled results and a mass balance error is identified. CFD is arguably the most powerful tool available for our profession since continuous simulation modeling.

关键词： stormwater unit operations and processes (UOPs) hydrodynamic separation filtration adsorption computational fluid dynamics (CFD) turbulence modeling discrete phase model particle separation detention/retention basins clarification

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Abundance, spatial distribution, and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1724-y

摘要： Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape.

关键词： Microplastic Environmental transport Soil pollution Stormwater Detention ponds

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我国中西部前陆盆地油气地质特征及勘探战略

宋岩,赵孟军,李本亮,方世虎

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第5期页码 39-45

摘要：

阐述了我国中西部前陆盆地石油地质认识现状和技术发展现状，梳理了制约我国前陆盆地油气勘探的瓶颈问题，确定了我国中西部前陆盆地分层次的油气勘探发展战略。

关键词：中国前陆盆地油气资源勘探战略

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全球主要盆地油气分布规律

康玉柱

《中国工程科学》 2014年第16卷第8期页码 14-25

摘要：

全球发育的含油气盆地有上千个，根据盆地结构特征可将含油气盆地分为3 大类型：克拉通盆地、断陷盆地和前陆盆地。笔者按这3 大类型盆地论述其油气分布规律。克拉通盆地：油汽主要分布在盆地内的古隆起、古斜坡，区域性的不整合及断裂带内；断陷盆地：油气主要分布在深凹带内的构造带、陡坡带和缓坡带；前陆盆地：油气主要分布在前陆断摺带、斜坡带、逆埯带及坳陷帶。这些规律性的认识，对全球油气勘探工作具有重要的指导意义。

关键词：含油气盆地油气田油气分布规律

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Zero increase in peak discharge for sustainable development

Xing Fang, Junqi Li, Yongwei Gong, Xiaoning Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0935-5

摘要： For urban land development, some or all natural land uses (primarily pervious) are converted into impervious areas which lead to increases of runoff volume and peak discharge. Most of the developed countries require a zero increase in peak discharge for any land development, and the policy has been implemented for several decades. The policy of zero increase in peak discharge can be considered as historical and early stage for the low impact development (LID) and sustainable development, which is to maintain natural hydrological conditions by storing a part or all of additional runoff due to the development on site. The paper will discuss the policy, the policy implementation for individual projects and their impact on regional hydrology. The design rainfalls for sizing LID facilities that are determined in 206 weather stations in USA are smaller than design rainfalls for sizing detention basins. The zero-increase policy links to financial responsibility and sustainability for construction of urban stormwater infrastructures and for reducing urban flooding. The policy was compared with current practices of urban development in China to shine the light for solving urban stormwater problems. The connections and differences among LID practices, the zero-increase policy, and the flood control infrastructure were discussed. We promote and advocate the zero-increase policy on peak discharge for comprehensive stormwater management in China in addition to LID.

关键词： Stormwater management Detention basin Zero increase Peak discharge Sustainable development Design rainfall

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蓄滞洪区洪水演进一、二维数值仿真及其在洼淀联合调度中的应用

李大鸣,林毅,周志华

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第3期页码 82-89

摘要：

为了实现蓄滞洪区内各洼淀实时洪水调度，考虑到蓄滞洪区内复杂河网与洼淀交错的情况，建立了河道、滞洪区联合计算的一、二维衔接洪水演进数学模型，在考虑铁路、公路、堤防及桥涵等阻水建筑物等复杂边界条件下，采用有限体积法进行离散和求解。结合蓄滞洪区实时洪水调度仿真系统的总体框架，建立了模拟洪水在蓄滞洪区内任意位置的水位、流速、淹没水深、历时等演进过程的一、二维洪水演进数值仿真系统。结合大清河实测资料对东淀滞洪区洪水演进进行了模型验证，结果基本吻合,并应用该系统对大清河滞洪区五洼联合调度方案进行了实时模拟，分析了洼淀联合调度下出现的倒淀现象，对不同方案进行了比较分析，实现了实时的洪水调度分析。

关键词：蓄滞洪区洪水演进一、二维数值仿真有限体积法联合调度

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HOTSPOTS OF NUTRIENT LOSSES TO AIR AND WATER: AN INTEGRATED MODELING APPROACH FOR EUROPEAN RIVER BASINS

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第4期页码 579-592 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023526

摘要：

Nutrient pollution of air and water is a persistent problem in Europe. However, the pollution sources are often analyzed separately, preventing the formulation of integrative solutions. This study aimed to quantify the contribution of agriculture to air, river and coastal water pollution by nutrients. A new MARINA-Nutrients model was developed for Europe to calculate inputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) to land and rivers, N emissions to air, and nutrient export to seas by river basins. Under current practice, inputs of N and P to land were 34.4 and 1.8 Tg·yr^–1, respectively. However, only 12% of N and 3% of P reached the rivers. Agriculture was responsible for 55% of N and sewage for 67% of P in rivers. Reactive N emissions to air from agriculture were calculated at 4.0 Tg·yr^–1. Almost two-fifths of N emissions to air were from animal housing and storage. Nearly a third of the basin area was considered as pollution hotspots and generated over half of N emissions to air and nutrient pollution in rivers. Over 25% of river export of N ended up in the Atlantic Ocean and of P in the Mediterranean Sea. These results could support environmental policies to reduce both air and water pollution simultaneously, and avoid pollution swapping.

关键词： agriculture air-water modeling European rivers nutrient pollution sewage systems source attribution

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基于DEM的资料短缺地区设计洪水推求

张婷,冯平

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第12期页码 68-73

摘要：

以缺少径流资料的福州市北部山区流域为例，通过数字高程模型（DEM）技术与新安江三水源模型相结合的方法，探讨了资料短缺地区设计洪水的计算方法。通过参证站水文模型参数的移用，解决了流域内其他子流域的产汇流参数的估算问题。在汇流计算中，通过DEM推求等流时线，避免了在地图上勾绘等流时线的繁琐工作。随着全国各地数字高程模型的建立，将其运用到水文计算当中有重要的现实意义。

关键词：资料短缺地区设计洪水数字高程模型（DEM）等流时线

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秦巴山脉区域城乡空间流域化发展策略

吴左宾,程功,王丁冉,郭乾

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第1期页码 56-63 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.01.006

摘要：

秦巴山脉区域是我国生物多样性保护与水源涵养重要区，也是南水北调工程的重要水源地，区域山形水势相互交织、山地水文过程显著，呈现出典型的流域化发展趋势。本文分析了秦巴山脉区域城乡空间发展的现状及存在问题，阐述了区域城乡空间流域化发展的必要性；以流域为分析视角，以多尺度流域基底划定为依据，确定了秦巴山脉区域流域等级体系框架和五级流域划分；提出了秦巴山脉区域城乡空间发展策略——以流域生态管控为基础的城乡结构，以流域绿色转型为导向的城乡模式，以流域联动发展为组织的协同管控。研究表明：流域作为秦巴山脉区域典型的生态单元，与城乡空间发展的耦合程度较高；以流域为载体的城乡空间规划与制度管控有助于促进秦巴山脉城乡绿色循环发展。

关键词：秦巴山脉区域流域化生态管控绿色转型联动发展

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我国沉积盆地火山岩油气地质与勘探

张光亚,邹才能,朱如凯,袁选俊,赵霞

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第5期页码 30-38

摘要：

我国沉积盆地内发育石炭—二叠系、侏罗—白垩系和古近—新近系3套火山岩，火山岩与有效烃源岩近源组合匹配最有利，远源组合需断层或不整合面沟通，生烃中心控制油气分布；以火山熔岩、火山角砾岩和风化壳岩溶型储层为主；中国东部断陷盆地火山岩油气藏以近源组合为主，沿断陷高部位爆发相火山岩储层发育，斜坡部位喷溢相火山岩大面积分布，主要形成岩性、构造—岩性油气藏；中西部发育两种成藏组合，沿不整合面分布的风化淋滤型大型地层油气藏最有利。

关键词：火山岩储集层火山岩相成藏主控因素